FEED ADVICE – HEALTH
Equine Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Guide
Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is a complex condition affecting horses and ponies, characterized by insulin dysregulation and an increased risk of laminitis. Insulin dysregulation in EMS leads to abnormal responses to dietary carbohydrates, causing increased insulin secretion and elevated blood glucose levels. This imbalance can result in clinical signs such as obesity, regional fat deposition, infertility, and laminitis.
EMS is often seen in Native breeds such as Welsh, Dartmoor and Shetland ponies, as well as in certain horse breeds like Arabian and Warmbloods. However, it can affect horses of any breed or age.
Key Highlights
EMS involves insulin dysregulation and a high risk of laminitis, especially in ponies and overweight horses.
Risk factors include obesity, breed predisposition, and high-NSC diets (e.g., sugary/starchy feeds).
Signs include a cresty neck, fat pads, and recurrent laminitis.
Management focuses on diet, weight loss, exercise, and vet care to reduce risks and support long-term wellbeing.
Understanding EMS
EMS is an endocrine disorder where horses struggle to regulate the release of insulin. In normal horses, insulin prompts tissue to absorb glucose after a meal. With EMS, fat deposits release hormones that interfere with tissue response to insulin, causing “insulin resistance”. The pancreas increases insulin release to counteract this, resulting in elevated insulin levels after meals and sometimes throughout the day. This mirrors metabolic issues in human type 2 diabetes.
Causes and Risk Factors of Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) has various causes and risk factors, including both genetic predisposition and environmental influences. While the exact underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, research suggests that EMS is a multifactorial condition with complex interactions between genetics, diet, and other factors.
Genetic Predisposition
Genetics play a significant role in the development of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Certain breeds, such as ponies, donkeys and Arabians, are more susceptible to EMS due to their genetic makeup. These breeds have evolved in harsh environments where resources were limited, leading to a higher efficiency in metabolizing dietary carbohydrates and storing energy.
Within these breeds, there may be individual horses with specific genetic factors that contribute to their inability to respond properly to dietary carbohydrates. These hereditary factors can result in insulin dysregulation and increased risk of developing EMS.
While genetic predisposition is a significant factor, it is essential to note that environmental influences and lifestyle factors also contribute to the development and progression of EMS. Therefore, a holistic approach that considers both genetic and environmental factors is necessary for managing EMS in horses.
Obesity
Obesity in horses can lead to Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) primarily due to its role in promoting insulin resistance. Excess adipose tissue releases inflammatory substances and hormones, which interfere with insulin signalling pathways. This insulin resistance causes cells to become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated insulin levels as the pancreas compensates. Chronic high insulin levels are a key feature of EMS and contribute to metabolic disturbances such as increased fat deposition.
Dietary Factors
Diets high in easily digestible carbohydrates, such as cereals and rich grass, can overwhelm the horse’s digestive system and lead to spikes in blood glucose levels. This frequent exposure to high-carbohydrate meals can result in insulin resistance over time, as the cells become less responsive to insulin’s signals to take up glucose. Consequently, the pancreas compensates by producing more insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, which can eventually lead to elevated insulin concentrations – a clinical sign of EMS.
Lack of Exercise
The lack of exercise contributes to EMS by reducing insulin sensitivity in horses. Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake into muscles, which helps regulate blood glucose levels effectively. Without adequate exercise, muscles become less responsive to insulin, leading to insulin resistance. This resistance prompts the pancreas to produce more insulin to compensate, eventually resulting in elevated insulin levels—a key characteristic of EMS. Additionally, sedentary horses are more prone to obesity as unused energy from feed is stored as fat, exacerbating insulin resistance and further increasing the risk of EMS.
Recognising clinical signs of EMS
Recognising the clinical signs of EMS is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management. Here are some important symptoms to watch out for:
Management and Prevention Strategies
Exercise Strategies
Exercise plays a crucial role in managing EMS primarily by improving insulin sensitivity and promoting weight loss. Strategies include daily turnout in with controlled grazing, which encourages natural movement and reduces obesity risk. Incorporating regular sessions of walking, trotting, and occasional cantering helps improve cardiovascular fitness and muscle tone without undue stress on joints. Additional activities such as lunging, groundwork, hacking on varied terrain, and in-hand work with obstacles provide mental stimulation, enhance coordination, and promote muscle development. For horses needing low-impact options, swimming offers a beneficial alternative. It’s crucial to monitor each horse’s response, gradually increase exercise intensity to prevent injury.
While medications that improve insulin sensitivity are used in human metabolic syndrome, their efficacy in horses, such as metformin, remains uncertain due to absorption concerns. Various supplements like chromium, magnesium, cinnamon, and chasteberry extract have been suggested for EMS in horses, but current evidence does not support their efficacy, and their use cannot be recommended.
Diagnosis of EMS
Diagnosing EMS typically begins with an assessment based on the appearance of obesity and a history of laminitis. To confirm EMS and assess insulin resistance accurately, testing should be conducted after the horse has fasted and is not in pain or stressed (e.g., during a laminitis episode). Diagnostic methods include:
Dietary Strategies for a Horse with EMS
The key principles for preventing and treating Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) are straightforward: implement dietary restriction and encourage regular exercise. These measures not only promote weight loss but also enhance overall fitness, improving insulin responsiveness.
Dietary Adjustments:
Did you know all of Pure Feed’s low calorie range is suitable for horses with EMS?
Limiting field access, especially during periods of lush growth such as Spring, helps control carbohydrate intake and prevent insulin spikes.
Did you know all of Pure Feeds complete feeds already contain a balancer! So already contain all of the essential nutrients required!
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, sourced from fish oil or linseed oil, may further reduce inflammation, improve insulin sensitivity, and enhance cardiovascular function in horses with EMS.
Pure Linseed is a great source of Omega 3 – and a little goes a long way! Check it out here
Managing insulin spikes with strategies like feeding frequent small meals helps promotes stable blood glucose levels, contributing to effective EMS management.
Consider weight loss strategies such as using a grazing muzzle, soaking hay and triple netting to help control obesity.
Conclusion
In conclusion, managing EMS requires a well-rounded approach. Early recognition of clinical symptoms, like obesity and recurrent laminitis is key for timely treatment. Effective management includes providing a low-NSC (non-structural carbohydrate) diet, limiting field access, ensuring a balanced intake of essential nutrients, and supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids. Regular, appropriate exercise enhances insulin sensitivity and aids in weight loss. Consistent monitoring and veterinary guidance are essential to prevent complications like laminitis and to improve the horse’s overall health.
What we recommend for horses with EMS
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Not too much, not too little – just right. 🐴
Pure Working sits perfectly in our Pure Feed range as a medium-calorie, medium-level feed, ideal for horses in regular work or those on box rest who need extra support gaining weight. Balanced, gut-friendly, and designed to keep your horse in top condition without overdoing it.
Not too much, not too little – just right. 🐴
Pure Working sits perfectly in our Pure Feed range as a medium-calorie, medium-level feed, ideal for horses in regular work or those on box rest who need extra support gaining weight. Balanced, gut-friendly, and designed to keep your horse in top condition without overdoing it.
Your feed board shouldn’t look like a chemistry lab 🧪
Yet here we are: tubs, balancers, 3 chaffs, multiple supplements… and still guessing if your horse is actually getting what they need.
With Pure Feed, it’s simple:
✅ One feed
✅ One scoop
✅ Everything your horse needs — perfectly balanced, every time
Less clutter, less guesswork.
🔗 Click the link in bio for our free diet plan tool to make feeding this easy.
Your feed board shouldn’t look like a chemistry lab 🧪
Yet here we are: tubs, balancers, 3 chaffs, multiple supplements… and still guessing if your horse is actually getting what they need.
With Pure Feed, it’s simple:
✅ One feed
✅ One scoop
✅ Everything your horse needs — perfectly balanced, every time
Less clutter, less guesswork.
🔗 Click the link in bio for our free diet plan tool to make feeding this easy.
Many horse owners focus on feed labels and see “<10% sugar + starch” and assume it’s automatically safe for any horse. But the truth is, percentage values alone don’t give the full picture. What really matters is the actual grams of sugar and starch a horse consumes per meal relative to their bodyweight.
Here’s an example:
Feed A: 10% sugar + starch, fed at 500g → 50g sugar + starch
Feed B: 10% sugar + starch, fed at 2kg → 200g sugar + starch
Even though both feeds have the same percentage, Feed B delivers four times more sugar and starch in one meal. That’s a huge difference for your horse’s digestion, energy levels, and risk of conditions like laminitis or colic.
Breaking feed into smaller, more frequent meals keeps sugar and starch intake lower at any one time, supporting stable energy levels and better digestive health. Nutritionists always calculate sugar and starch per kg of bodyweight per meal, not just per day, and consider the whole diet, including forage, treats, and grazing.
💡 Try calculating your horse’s sugar + starch intake this week
Many horse owners focus on feed labels and see “<10% sugar + starch” and assume it’s automatically safe for any horse. But the truth is, percentage values alone don’t give the full picture. What really matters is the actual grams of sugar and starch a horse consumes per meal relative to their bodyweight.
Here’s an example:
Feed A: 10% sugar + starch, fed at 500g → 50g sugar + starch
Feed B: 10% sugar + starch, fed at 2kg → 200g sugar + starch
Even though both feeds have the same percentage, Feed B delivers four times more sugar and starch in one meal. That’s a huge difference for your horse’s digestion, energy levels, and risk of conditions like laminitis or colic.
Breaking feed into smaller, more frequent meals keeps sugar and starch intake lower at any one time, supporting stable energy levels and better digestive health. Nutritionists always calculate sugar and starch per kg of bodyweight per meal, not just per day, and consider the whole diet, including forage, treats, and grazing.
💡 Try calculating your horse’s sugar + starch intake this week
At Pure Feed, we believe performance starts with the right nutrition. Jam is usually fuelled by Fibre Balance, but Meg choses to switch to our Pure Performance right before a big competition to make sure Jam has the energy she needs 💪
Want to learn how Pure Feed can make a difference to your horse’s routine ? Tap the link in our bio to take our free diet plan!
At Pure Feed, we believe performance starts with the right nutrition. Jam is usually fuelled by Fibre Balance, but Meg choses to switch to our Pure Performance right before a big competition to make sure Jam has the energy she needs 💪
Want to learn how Pure Feed can make a difference to your horse’s routine ? Tap the link in our bio to take our free diet plan!
Low-calorie feeding, science-backed 🧬
Managing condition doesn’t mean compromising nutrition. Our low-calorie complete range gives targeted, balanced nutrition while keeping calories controlled:
🔹 Pure Balance – High-spec balancer pellet for muscle, topline & metabolic health
🔹 Pure Fibre Balance – Balancer + fibre chaff for gut support & slow-release fibre
🔹 Pure Easy – Higher-energy, low calorie complete feed
💻 Take the guesswork out 👉 try our Free Diet Plan & get a tailored programme for your horse:
🔗 Link in bio
Low-calorie feeding, science-backed 🧬
Managing condition doesn’t mean compromising nutrition. Our low-calorie complete range gives targeted, balanced nutrition while keeping calories controlled:
🔹 Pure Balance – High-spec balancer pellet for muscle, topline & metabolic health
🔹 Pure Fibre Balance – Balancer + fibre chaff for gut support & slow-release fibre
🔹 Pure Easy – Higher-energy, low calorie complete feed
💻 Take the guesswork out 👉 try our Free Diet Plan & get a tailored programme for your horse:
🔗 Link in bio
With the event season starting soon, many horses’ work has started increasing, but have you thought about how your feeding can limit your horse’s performance? Here’s what to watch out for:
❌ Too much cereal → spikes blood sugar, increases excitability, and stresses digestion
❌ Too little fibre → reduces chewing time, gut motility, and microbiome health
❌ Imbalanced protein / amino acids → slows muscle repair and topline growth
✅ Science-backed feeding fixes:
• Balanced calories for energy without fizz
• Fibre to support gut health and slow-release energy
• Correct amino acids for muscle repair and strength
With the event season starting soon, many horses’ work has started increasing, but have you thought about how your feeding can limit your horse’s performance? Here’s what to watch out for:
❌ Too much cereal → spikes blood sugar, increases excitability, and stresses digestion
❌ Too little fibre → reduces chewing time, gut motility, and microbiome health
❌ Imbalanced protein / amino acids → slows muscle repair and topline growth
✅ Science-backed feeding fixes:
• Balanced calories for energy without fizz
• Fibre to support gut health and slow-release energy
• Correct amino acids for muscle repair and strength
We’re increasingly choosing less processed food for ourselves because we understand how additives can impact our digestive system and overall well-being. The same principle applies to our horses.
That’s why Pure Feed is mould inhibitor free.
Instead of relying on chemical preservatives, we prioritise ingredient quality, controlled storage, and specially produced porous bags to maintain freshness and nutritional integrity. This helps support the hindgut environment and avoids unnecessary exposure to additives that can disrupt the delicate balance of the equine microbiome.
👉 Switch to evidence-led feeding; discover the Pure Feed range now
We’re increasingly choosing less processed food for ourselves because we understand how additives can impact our digestive system and overall well-being. The same principle applies to our horses.
That’s why Pure Feed is mould inhibitor free.
Instead of relying on chemical preservatives, we prioritise ingredient quality, controlled storage, and specially produced porous bags to maintain freshness and nutritional integrity. This helps support the hindgut environment and avoids unnecessary exposure to additives that can disrupt the delicate balance of the equine microbiome.
👉 Switch to evidence-led feeding; discover the Pure Feed range now
Feeding your horse doesn’t have to be so confusing💡
A complete feed gives your horse everything they need in one scoop: gut-friendly fibre, energy, protein, vitamins & minerals, without the stress of juggling multiple buckets.
We have a complete feed for every horse:
✔ Good doers
✔ Poor doers
✔ Leisure or competition horses
✔ Sensitive or digestive-prone types
💬 Got a friend who overcomplicates feeding? Tag them!
Feeding your horse doesn’t have to be so confusing💡
A complete feed gives your horse everything they need in one scoop: gut-friendly fibre, energy, protein, vitamins & minerals, without the stress of juggling multiple buckets.
We have a complete feed for every horse:
✔ Good doers
✔ Poor doers
✔ Leisure or competition horses
✔ Sensitive or digestive-prone types
💬 Got a friend who overcomplicates feeding? Tag them!
Did you know that all of our complete feeds contain Vitamin A? 🧬
Essential for your horse’s health, vitamin A supports:
👀 Vision
🛡️ Immune system
✨ Skin, coat & mucous membranes
📈 Growth & reproduction
Even with good forage, intake can vary, our complete feeds provide consistent, bioavailable vitamin A every day.
💬 Questions about vitamins in your feed? Drop them below!
Did you know that all of our complete feeds contain Vitamin A? 🧬
Essential for your horse’s health, vitamin A supports:
👀 Vision
🛡️ Immune system
✨ Skin, coat & mucous membranes
📈 Growth & reproduction
Even with good forage, intake can vary, our complete feeds provide consistent, bioavailable vitamin A every day.
💬 Questions about vitamins in your feed? Drop them below!
Forget juggling powders, syrups, and electrolytes after every ride; Refuel makes recovery simple and effective in one complete feed.
Here’s what it does:
🔹 Replenishes electrolytes lost in sweat to support hydration and muscle function
🔹 Supports muscle repair with high-quality, digestible protein
🔹 Packed with antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress and speed recovery
Tap the link in bio to learn more about Refuel today!
Forget juggling powders, syrups, and electrolytes after every ride; Refuel makes recovery simple and effective in one complete feed.
Here’s what it does:
🔹 Replenishes electrolytes lost in sweat to support hydration and muscle function
🔹 Supports muscle repair with high-quality, digestible protein
🔹 Packed with antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress and speed recovery
Tap the link in bio to learn more about Refuel today!
🧬 Protein isn’t just protein 👉 it’s what builds muscle, improves topline & fuels recovery.
🔹Low levels of limiting amino acids like lysine, methionine & threonine can slow muscle repair
🔹 Highly digestible plant proteins fuel growth without overloading the gut
🔹 Optimised blends minimise metabolic stress and maximise efficiency
👉 Tap the link in bio to see how Pure Feed fuels performance at the molecular level 🐴💪
🧬 Protein isn’t just protein 👉 it’s what builds muscle, improves topline & fuels recovery.
🔹Low levels of limiting amino acids like lysine, methionine & threonine can slow muscle repair
🔹 Highly digestible plant proteins fuel growth without overloading the gut
🔹 Optimised blends minimise metabolic stress and maximise efficiency
👉 Tap the link in bio to see how Pure Feed fuels performance at the molecular level 🐴💪
BCS 101 with Meg & Jam 🐴💪 Watch as we give a quick body condition score check and show you how to keep your horse in tip top shape!
With @horseandcountrytv, we’re excited to help Meg reach the top 🏆
#thepurefeedcompany #purefeed #purefeeddietplan #equinenutrition
BCS 101 with Meg & Jam 🐴💪 Watch as we give a quick body condition score check and show you how to keep your horse in tip top shape!
With @horseandcountrytv, we’re excited to help Meg reach the top 🏆
#thepurefeedcompany #purefeed #purefeeddietplan #equinenutrition
🌾 Did you know our complete feeds contain grass chaff?
It’s not just there for bulk, it’s science-backed fibre that actively supports your horse’s digestive:
🧪 Digestible fibre (NDF) keeps the gut moving efficiently, supporting normal hindgut function.
🧬 Encourages chewing and saliva production, which helps buffer stomach acid and protect the stomach lining.
🦠 Fuels the hindgut microbiome, feeding beneficial bacteria for better fermentation and nutrient absorption.
Including grass chaff means your horse gets consistent, functional fibre every day, even when hay quality or availability varies.
🌾 Did you know our complete feeds contain grass chaff?
It’s not just there for bulk, it’s science-backed fibre that actively supports your horse’s digestive:
🧪 Digestible fibre (NDF) keeps the gut moving efficiently, supporting normal hindgut function.
🧬 Encourages chewing and saliva production, which helps buffer stomach acid and protect the stomach lining.
🦠 Fuels the hindgut microbiome, feeding beneficial bacteria for better fermentation and nutrient absorption.
Including grass chaff means your horse gets consistent, functional fibre every day, even when hay quality or availability varies.
Pure Condition Mix supports steady condition gain, using fibre and oil-based energy that fuels the body without over-exciting it.
🌱 Unmolassed sugar beet
Digestible fibre to help add condition and support the gut, no added sugar spikes.
🌰 Linseed
Supports muscle development, topline and coat condition with quality protein and oil.
💧 Rapeseed oil
Cool, calorie-dense energy to help increase condition efficiently.
⚖️ Non-fizz formula
Slow-release energy, ideal for horses that don’t cope with cereal-heavy feeds.
👉 Perfect for poor doers, horses needing topline support or those in hard work
Pure Condition Mix supports steady condition gain, using fibre and oil-based energy that fuels the body without over-exciting it.
🌱 Unmolassed sugar beet
Digestible fibre to help add condition and support the gut, no added sugar spikes.
🌰 Linseed
Supports muscle development, topline and coat condition with quality protein and oil.
💧 Rapeseed oil
Cool, calorie-dense energy to help increase condition efficiently.
⚖️ Non-fizz formula
Slow-release energy, ideal for horses that don’t cope with cereal-heavy feeds.
👉 Perfect for poor doers, horses needing topline support or those in hard work
What’s really happening inside your horse after exercise?
Work doesn’t just burn energy. It causes
👉 electrolyte loss through sweat
👉 oxidative stress in muscle cells
👉 micro-damage to muscle fibres that must be repaired
That’s why post-exercise recovery nutrition matters 👇
⚡ Electrolytes
Sweat removes sodium, potassium and chloride. Replacing them supports hydration, muscle contraction and nerve signalling; essential for proper recovery.
🧬 Antioxidants
Exercise increases free radicals. Antioxidants help neutralise these, supporting muscles and reducing post-work fatigue.
💪 Limiting amino acids
These are the critical building blocks for muscle repair. Without them, recovery and muscle adaptation are compromised, even if protein intake looks “adequate”.
What you feed after work influences how your horse feels tomorrow, next week and next season.
What’s really happening inside your horse after exercise?
Work doesn’t just burn energy. It causes
👉 electrolyte loss through sweat
👉 oxidative stress in muscle cells
👉 micro-damage to muscle fibres that must be repaired
That’s why post-exercise recovery nutrition matters 👇
⚡ Electrolytes
Sweat removes sodium, potassium and chloride. Replacing them supports hydration, muscle contraction and nerve signalling; essential for proper recovery.
🧬 Antioxidants
Exercise increases free radicals. Antioxidants help neutralise these, supporting muscles and reducing post-work fatigue.
💪 Limiting amino acids
These are the critical building blocks for muscle repair. Without them, recovery and muscle adaptation are compromised, even if protein intake looks “adequate”.
What you feed after work influences how your horse feels tomorrow, next week and next season.
Consistency = results.
Pure Feed complete feeds are built on the same foundation; Pure Balance + chaff + controlled energy, but tailored for every type of horse.
✅ Better digestion
✅ Steady, fibre-first energy
✅ Reliable results
No guesswork. No fillers. Just smart, simple feeding your horse will love.
🔗 Tap our bio to create your horse’s personalised diet plan today!
Consistency = results.
Pure Feed complete feeds are built on the same foundation; Pure Balance + chaff + controlled energy, but tailored for every type of horse.
✅ Better digestion
✅ Steady, fibre-first energy
✅ Reliable results
No guesswork. No fillers. Just smart, simple feeding your horse will love.
🔗 Tap our bio to create your horse’s personalised diet plan today!
As horse owners, we know just how expensive it’s becoming to source good quality hay 🌾 When forage is limited (or costly!), Pure Meadow Mash helps keep fibre intake consistent, with no compromise.
It’s a high fibre hay replacer with a natural mint flavour, it’s easy to soak, high palatable and ideal for fussy eaters, veterans, poor doers or those on box rest.
Feed alongside or in place of hay to make every bale go further 🩵
As horse owners, we know just how expensive it’s becoming to source good quality hay 🌾 When forage is limited (or costly!), Pure Meadow Mash helps keep fibre intake consistent, with no compromise.
It’s a high fibre hay replacer with a natural mint flavour, it’s easy to soak, high palatable and ideal for fussy eaters, veterans, poor doers or those on box rest.
Feed alongside or in place of hay to make every bale go further 🩵
Just because it`s Winter, your horse still needs their salt! Even in the cold, horses lose electrolytes through sweat, urine, and natural body processes. Salt is essential for hydration, healthy muscles, and proper nerve function, all key to keeping your horse feeling strong, comfortable, and performing at their best.
That’s why all Pure Feed complete feeds include the right amount of salt – taking the guesswork out of winter feeding. Simple, balanced, and formulated to support your horse every day of the year 💡
Just because it`s Winter, your horse still needs their salt! Even in the cold, horses lose electrolytes through sweat, urine, and natural body processes. Salt is essential for hydration, healthy muscles, and proper nerve function, all key to keeping your horse feeling strong, comfortable, and performing at their best.
That’s why all Pure Feed complete feeds include the right amount of salt – taking the guesswork out of winter feeding. Simple, balanced, and formulated to support your horse every day of the year 💡
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