FEED ADVICE – HEALTH
Essential Guide to Laminitis in Horses
Contrary to popular belief, laminitis can occur all year-round, not just in the spring. Laminitis is an emergency condition that requires prompt action whenever it is suspected. It is an inflammatory condition of the laminae within the horse’s feet. The laminae are the tissues that attach the pedal bone to the hoof wall inside the hoof capsule. Many people mistakenly believe that laminitis only affects overweight ponies, but horses of all types, ages, and sizes can develop laminitis for various reasons.
Key Highlights
Laminitis is a serious and often painful condition caused by inflammation and damage to the sensitive laminae in the hoof.
It can affect any horse, not just overweight ponies, with early signs including short strides, reluctance to walk on hard ground, and shifting weight.
Common causes include metabolic issues, endotoxemia, and excessive intake of rich grass.
Diagnosis and treatment involve veterinary assessment, possible x-rays, immediate symptom relief, and long-term management through diet and hoof care.
Understanding Laminitis
The horse’s hoof is a complex and highly specialized structure that plays a vital role in the horse’s overall health and performance. It is made up of several components, including the hoof wall, the sole of the hoof, and the coffin bone.
The hoof wall is the hard outer covering of the hoof that provides protection and support. It is made of keratinized cells and forms a protective barrier against external forces and infections. The hoof wall grows continuously from the coronet band at the top of the hoof downward.
The sole of the hoof is the concave area between the hoof wall and the frog. It acts as a shock absorber during locomotion and helps distribute weight evenly across the foot. The sole is also responsible for protecting the sensitive structures inside the hoof, including the coffin bone.
The coffin bone, also known as the distal phalanx or pedal bone, is a triangular bone located within the hoof. It is attached to the hoof wall by the laminae and provides support and structure to the foot. The coffin bone is surrounded by soft tissues, including the laminae, which help to suspend and stabilize the bone within the hoof capsule.
The proper functioning and health of the hoof are essential for a horse’s overall soundness and well-being. Any disruption or damage to the structures within the hoof, such as inflammation of the laminae in laminitis, can have severe consequences and lead to pain, lameness, and even permanent damage.
During an active case of laminitis, the inflammation of the laminae disrupts the normal blood flow to the hoof, leading to further damage and deterioration of the structures inside the hoof. This disruption in blood flow can cause the laminae to weaken and separate, resulting in the rotation or sinking of the pedal bone. The separation and displacement of the pedal bone can cause extreme pain and lameness for the horse.
Laminitis can occur in all four feet, but it is most commonly seen in the front feet. The severity of laminitis can range from mild discomfort to severe lameness. In severe cases, the horse may be unable to bear weight on its hooves and may need to lie down to relieve the pain.
Defining Laminitis: Causes and Trigger Factors
Laminitis can be caused by various factors, and understanding these causes is crucial for prevention and management.
It is important to identify and address the underlying causes and trigger factors of laminitis to prevent its occurrence and manage the condition effectively. Proper management strategies, including dietary adjustments, regular exercise, and veterinary care, can help reduce the risk of laminitis in horses.
Some common causes and trigger factors of laminitis include:
Identifying Early Signs of Laminitis in Horses
Early identification of laminitis is crucial for prompt intervention and treatment. The earlier the condition is recognised, the better the chances of a positive outcome for the horse. Some early signs of laminitis to watch out for include:
Laminitis Progession
The Role of the Pedal Bone in Laminitis Progression
The pedal bone, also known as the distal phalanx, plays a central role in the development and progression of laminitis. In severe cases, inflammation of the sensitive laminae can lead to the rotation or sinking of the pedal bone within the hoof capsule.
Under normal conditions, the pedal bone is suspended within the hoof and securely anchored by the laminae — a complex network of interlocking tissues. However, when these structures become weakened or inflamed due to laminitis, they can no longer provide adequate support. This may allow the pedal bone to rotate or shift downwards, and in extreme cases, it can even penetrate the sole of the hoof.
The movement and misalignment of the pedal bone are extremely painful, often resulting in significant lameness and the risk of further complications such as founder. Prompt, effective management is essential to limit damage to the laminae and stabilise the position of the pedal bone, supporting both treatment and recovery.
Progression to Founder
If laminitis advances unchecked, it can lead to a serious and often devastating condition known as founder. Founder refers to the mechanical failure of the hoof’s internal support system, resulting in the displacement and rotation of the pedal bone away from the hoof wall.
In these cases, the pedal bone rotates and sinks within the hoof capsule, causing intense pain, marked lameness, and long-term structural changes to the foot. This misalignment damages the hoof architecture and leads to further deterioration of the laminae.
Affected horses typically show severe, sometimes non-weight-bearing lameness. In advanced cases, the pain and structural damage may be so severe that euthanasia becomes the most humane outcome.
Early recognition and intervention are critical to prevent laminitis from progressing to founder. With timely and appropriate care, it is possible to minimise long-term damage and improve the horse’s prospects for recovery and quality of life.
Diagnostic Approaches for Laminitis
Accurate diagnosis of laminitis is essential for appropriate treatment and management. There are various diagnostic approaches that veterinarians use to evaluate and diagnose laminitis in horses.
These approaches include:
Clinical examination and history taking: The veterinarian will perform a thorough examination of the horse, looking for signs of lameness, changes in behavior, and physical symptoms. They will also gather information about the horse’s medical history, diet, and management.
Imaging techniques: X-rays are commonly used to assess the condition of the hooves, determine the position of the pedal bone, and identify any structural changes or damage. These imaging techniques can provide valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning.
By utilizing these diagnostic approaches, veterinarians can accurately diagnose laminitis, determine the severity of the condition, and develop an appropriate treatment and management plan for the affected horse.
Effective Management and Treatment Strategies
Effective management and treatment strategies are crucial for ensuring the best possible outcome for horses with laminitis. Prompt intervention and ongoing care are essential in minimizing pain, reducing inflammation, and promoting healing and recovery. Some key approaches to managing and treating laminitis include:
Immediate care measures to alleviate symptoms, such as box rest and deep bedding.
Providing pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications as prescribed by a veterinarian.
Regular farrier care, including trimming and shoeing techniques tailored to support the affected hooves.
Long-term management plans to promote recovery and rehabilitation, including weight loss, regular exercise, and appropriate diet adjustments.
By implementing these strategies, horse owners and veterinarians can work together to manage laminitis effectively and improve the horse’s quality of life.
Dietary Management: What to Feed and What to Avoid
Dietary management plays a crucial role in preventing and managing laminitis. Careful attention to the horse’s diet can help reduce the risk of laminitis and support overall health. Some key considerations for dietary management include:
Low sugar and starch diet: Restricting dietary intake of non-structural carbohydrates, including sugars and starches, helps minimize glycaemic fluctuations, mitigating insulin resistance, and reducing the risk of laminitic episodes in susceptible individuals.
Balanced Forage: Providing high-quality forage sources, such as mature grass hay or low-NSC hay alternatives, ensures a consistent source of fibre, essential nutrients, and energy without predisposing horses to metabolic disturbances
Soaking hay: soaking hay nets prior to feeding will help remove the sugar and starch prior to feeding it to the horse. It is recommended to use as much water as possible when soaking hay to maximise the removal of sugar. Hay should be soaked for a minimum of 2 hours prior to feeding
Supplements: supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and hoof-supportive nutrients, such as biotin, methionine, and zinc, may promote hoof strength, integrity, and resilience in laminitic horses.
Field Management: Strategic pasture management practices, including rotational grazing, strip grazing, or utilising grazing muzzles, help regulate carbohydrate intake, limit access to lush pasture, and minimise the risk of grass-associated laminitis.
Conclusion
Understanding and addressing laminitis in horses are crucial for their well-being. Early detection, proper management, and preventive measures play key roles in safeguarding horses from this painful condition. By familiarizing yourself with the signs, diagnostic approaches, and effective treatment strategies outlined in this guide, you can effectively care for horses susceptible to laminitis. Regular monitoring, appropriate dietary adjustments, and attentive hoof care are essential components of a comprehensive approach to managing laminitis.
What we recommend for laminitic horses
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Did you know that Pure Fibre Balance lasts the average horse two weeks ? That means only two bags per month are needed to cover all your horse’s feed requirements, including:
🌱 their chaff
⚡️ their energy
🧬 their balancer
🍎 their gut supplement
🦶 their hoof supplement
💪 their muscle supplement
= a much simpler way of feeding
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Earlier this year, Ted lost a significant amount of weight after a difficult winter. Understandably, his owner, Bea, was worried and looking for a way to help him regain condition.
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Thank you, Bea, for trusting us to be part of Ted`s journey. Stories like this are why we`re so passionate about helping owners find the right feeding plan for every horse. Ted is now on Pure Easy and thriving 🩵
If your horse is struggling to maintain condition, our nutrition team offers free personalised diet plans to help you find the right approach.
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Heatwave 🤝 Refuel
The easiest way to get essential electrolytes, water and key recovery ingredients in your horse, whether they’re competing this weekend or relaxing in the field ☀️
Do you have any tips or tricks to keeping your horse cool in this weather? 🤔 Drop them in the comments below 👇
The brief was simple =
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The result?
🥄 Pure ReFuel: 46g sugar + starch
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The only acceptable eating noises 💁♀️
After working hard or a hot day in the sun, there’s nothing better than seeing (or hearing!) a horse slurping down a bowl of Refuel 🍒
Horse owners spend a lot of time trying to fill nutritional gaps:
✅ A supplement for this.
✅ A powder for that.
✅ An extra scoop of something else.
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Horse nutrition has become surprisingly complicated, and somehow we`re still left wondering if we`ve missed something.
At Pure Feed, we started with a different question:
**What if one feed could do the whole job?**
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Most horse owners think about gut health when there`s a problem, but a healthy hindgut influences far more than digestion alone.
In fact, around 80% of the immune system is associated with the gut, and the hindgut is home to trillions of microorganisms that help break down fibre, produce energy and support normal immune function.
That`s why gut health can have a knock-on effect on:
🛡️ Immunity
🥕 Nutrient absorption
🌱 Condition
⚡ Performance
💪 Recovery
🧠 Behaviour
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The biggest summer feeding mistake? 👉 Assuming that because a horse is gaining weight, they`re getting everything they need. 🌱
Grass is brilliant at supplying calories, but calories aren`t the same as nutrition.
In fact, summer grazing can often be:
☀️ High in energy
⚖️ Low in certain minerals
🧬 Variable in quality protein
🦠 Missing the gut support that many horses benefit from
That`s why it`s not unusual to see horses carrying plenty of condition whilst still struggling with things like topline, hoof quality, recovery or overall performance.
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Me during the heatwave: "Drink."
My horse: "No."
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My horse: "No."
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Most feed rooms get more and more complicated.
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Less time worrying about what`s missing from the diet. More time enjoying your horse 🩵
"He`s living out on good grass, so he doesn`t need any feed."
It`s one of the most common things we hear this time of year.
The challenge? Grass provides calories. It doesn`t always provide balanced nutrition.
Even good doers can benefit from additional vitamins, minerals, amino acids and gut support! That`s why many owners choose a balancer or low-calorie complete feed during the summer months.
🌱 Pure Balance – concentrated nutrition with minimal calories
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The Pure Feed range is built around one simple principle: work with the horse’s digestive system, not against it.
That’s why our range is cereal-free (with the exception of Pure Performance).
Instead of relying on traditional cereal grains as a primary energy source, we prioritise highly digestible fibre and superfibres. These ingredients provide a more natural route to energy production in the hindgut, supporting a steadier release of fuel rather than the rapid spikes often associated with starch-heavy diets.
Cereals have long been used in horse feeds for energy density, but they can place a greater digestive load on a system that is fundamentally designed for forage fermentation. By reducing reliance on them, we aim to support a more stable gut environment and more consistent overall condition.
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Want to learn more about our cereal-free feeds? Tap the link in bio to learn more 🩵
“Mine lives out 24/7 on good grass… do they really still need a balancer?” 👀🌱
Short answer: very often, yes.
Because grass supplies calories brilliantly… but it doesn’t always supply nutrients in the right balance for modern horses, especially those in work, restricted grazing, poor doers or horses with higher nutritional demands.
The tricky bit?
Grass quality changes constantly depending on:
☀️ Sunshine
🌧️ Rainfall
🌱 Growth stage
🧪 Soil mineral levels
🐴 Grazing pressure
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At Pure Feed, our feeds are designed to help fill the nutritional gaps that forage and grazing alone may not cover, without unnecessary sugar, molasses or feeding huge bucket feeds.
Why that matters 👇
✔️ Supports hoof quality & skin condition
✔️ Helps maintain topline & muscle function
✔️ Supports immunity & recovery
✔️ Helps balance forage-based diets
✔️ Supports gut health & fibre digestion
Think of grass as the base of the diet…
and balanced nutrition as the part that helps everything function properly around it 🌾🧬
Hoof supplements are one of the most commonly purchased products in the horse world.
But what if the nutrients that support hoof growth were already in your feed? 👀
Every Pure Feed complete feed contains added biotin as standard, alongside the amino acids, vitamins and minerals needed to support hoof growth and horn quality.
Because whilst hoof oils, dressings and supplements all have their place, hooves are built from the inside out.
✔️ Added biotin in every feed
✔️ Essential amino acids
✔️ Balanced vitamins & minerals
✔️ Complete nutrition in every bucket
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