FEED ADVICE – HEALTH

Understanding Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome

The high number of horses afflicted with gastric ulcers has only become truly apparent in the last 20 years, as long endoscopes have become common in equine veterinary practices. Sadly, most horses will suffer from gastric ulcers at some point in their lives. This means that all horse owners should be clued up to the threats that this unpleasant condition poses.

Key Highlights

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a common condition in horses characterised by the development of ulcers in the stomach lining.

It is associated with factors such as stress, diet, and the use of certain medications. Clinical signs include poor performance, and behavioural changes.

Immediate actions during an episode of EGUS include providing pain relief, modifying the diet, and possibly using medications to reduce stomach acid.

Long-term management and prevention strategies for EGUS include dietary adjustments, stress reduction, and regular veterinary care.

Understanding EGUS

EGUS is essentially the erosion of the stomach lining due to prolonged exposure to stomach acid. It is characterised by lesions or ulcers in the stomach lining, leading to pain and discomfort. This condition is often triggered by factors such as stress, irregular feeding schedules, sugary diets, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

EGUS arises from a combination of genetic predispositions, environmental triggers, and management factors, including:

Stress

Horses under stress, whether from training, transport, or competition, are more likely to develop ulcers due to increased stomach acid production.

Diet

High-sugar diets and prolonged periods without forage can increase acid production, leading to ulcers.

Medications

Certain medications, particularly NSAIDs, can disrupt the stomach lining and promote ulcer formation.

Recognising clinical signs of EGUS

Recognising the signs of EGUS is essential for prompt intervention and management. Early recognition can improve outcomes and minimise long-term complications:

Poor Appetite

Horses with EGUS often show a decreased interest in food, particularly hard feed.

Weight Loss

Unexplained weight loss is common due to reduced feed intake and poor nutrient absorption.

Behavioural Changes

Irritability, reluctance to work, and a general decline in performance may indicate discomfort from ulcers.

Colic Symptoms

Mild, recurrent colic episodes, especially after meals, can be a sign of EGUS.

Diagnosis of EGUS

Diagnosis of EGUS involves several diagnostic approaches. Veterinary examination focuses on observing clinical signs such as poor appetite, weight loss, behavioural changes, and any history of colic episodes. A detailed history covering the horse’s diet, management practices, and any recent stressors is essential.

Gastroscopy

The gold standard for diagnosing EGUS is gastroscopy, which involves using an endoscope to visually examine the stomach lining for ulcers.

Faecal Blood Test

A faecal occult blood test can detect hidden blood in the stool, indicating gastrointestinal bleeding, though it is not specific to EGUS.

Blood Tests

Blood tests can help rule out other conditions and assess the horse’s overall.

Treating a Horse with EGUS

Treatment for a horse with EGUS focuses on relieving pain, promoting healing, and preventing recurrence. If your horse is diagnosed with EGUS, the following steps should be followed:

Dietary Changes

Increase access to forage, reduce sugar intake, and provide small, frequent meals to buffer stomach acid.

Medications

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole are commonly used to reduce stomach acid and promote healing. Antacids and coating agents can also be beneficial.

Stress Management

Minimise stress by providing a calm environment, consistent routines, and regular turnout.

Recommend Dietary Changes

Effective management and prevention strategies can help minimise the occurrence of EGUS in horses and promote overall gastrointestinal health.

Dietary Adjustments:

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Forage-Based Diet: Providing a forage-based diet with constant access to hay or pasture helps buffer stomach acid and prevent ulcers.

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Small, Frequent Meals: Feeding small, frequent meals can help maintain a more constant stomach pH and reduce ulcer formation.

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Balanced Diet: Ensure the diet is balanced with appropriate levels of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids to support overall health.

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Avoid Sugary Diets: Limit high-sugar and starch feeds, which can increase stomach acid production and risk of ulcers. Did you know all of our feeds (apart from our Pure Performance) are suitable for horses with ulcers!

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids can help modulate inflammatory responses and support gastrointestinal health.

Developing a Sustainable Routine

Developing a sustainable management routine is crucial in managing and preventing EGUS in horses. Consistent feeding schedules, adequate forage, and stress reduction are key components.

Stress Reduction

Implement practices to minimise stress, such as regular turnout, social interaction, and a stable routine.

Regular Veterinary Care

Regular check-ups with a veterinarian can help detect early signs of EGUS and implement preventive measures.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding EGUS is crucial for the well-being of horses. Recognising the signs, implementing effective management and prevention strategies, and providing a balanced diet are essential steps in managing this condition. By taking immediate actions during an episode and making long-term adjustments to diet and routine, you can help minimise the risk and ensure your horse’s health and performance.